Linux was first proposed by Linus Benedict Torvalds started writing in 1991. Prior to this, Richard Stallman created the Free Software Foundation (FSF) and GNU project organization, and constantly writing to create GNU programs (such licensing procedures are GPL: General Public License). Continues to have excellent programmers and developers to join the GNU organization, they created today we see Linux, also known as GNU / Linux.
Linux distributions can be divided into two categories, one is a commercial company maintenance release, one is community-based organizations to maintain the release, the former to the famous Redhat (RHEL) as the representative, the latter represented by Debian. Here are some characteristics of each release:
Redhat, Redhat series should be called, including the RHEL (Redhat Enterprise Linux, also known as Redhat Advance Server, a paid version), Fedora Core (from the desktop version of Redhat developed from the free version), CentOS (RHEL clone of community version, free). Redhat should be said that most people in the country to use the Linux version, and some even equated to Redhat Linux, and some fields and this is only one version of Linux. So this version is characterized by the use of a large number of people, data is very large, implying that if you do not understand what the place is easy to find people to ask, and the Internet generally are based on Redhat Linux tutorial example to explain of. Redhat package management series is based on the use of RPM packages YUM package management, package distribution method is compiled binaries. Stability of RHEL and CentOS stability is very good, suitable for server use, but the Fedora Core stability is poor, it's best for desktop applications.
Debian, Debian or that series, including Debian and Ubuntu, etc. Debian is a Linux-community model, is by far the most of the GNU standard Linux system. Debian was first proposed by Ian Murdock in 1993 created three versions of a branch (branch): stable, testing and unstable. Which, unstable for the latest test version, including the latest package, but there are relatively more bug, for desktop users. testing versions have been unstable in the test, they are relatively stable, but also supports a number of new technologies (such as SMP, etc.). The stable is generally used for servers, most of the above packages are relatively out of date, but stability and security are very high. Debian is the most unique apt-get / dpkg package management, in fact, the YUM Redhat Debian's APT is also in the way of imitation, but the way in the binary distribution, APT is the best. Debian is also very rich in information, there are a lot of support of the community, ask for advice in question have a place to go:)
Ubuntu strictly speaking can not be considered an independent release, Ubuntu is based on Debian unstable version enhanced from, so to speak, Ubuntu is a Debian has all the advantages, and enhance the advantages of their own near-perfect Linux desktop. Depending on the selected desktop systems, there are three versions to choose from, based on Gnome, Ubuntu, Kubuntu and KDE-based based Xfc of Xubuntu. Characterized by a very friendly interface, easy to use, the hardware support is very comprehensive, is the most suitable for desktop Linux distribution.
Gentoo, Gentoo is a great Linux distribution version of the world's youngest, because young, they are able to draw on her previous releases of all the advantages, which is known as the Gentoo Linux distribution version of the most perfect one of the reasons. Gentoo originally developed by Daniel Robbins (FreeBSD is one of the developers) created the first stable version was released in 2002. As the developers of FreeBSD's familiar, so Gentoo has a reputation comparable to the FreeBSD ports system widely - Portage package management system. Unlike APT and YUM other binary distribution package management system, Portage is based on source code distribution, and must be compiled to run for large-scale software run more slowly, but because all software is compiled on the local machine, in After compiling a variety of customized parameters optimized, can the machine's hardware to maximize the performance. Gentoo is a Linux distribution to install all of the most complex, but the installation is complete is the most manageable version of the same hardware environment is the fastest version.
Finally, tell us about FreeBSD, needs to be emphasized is: FreeBSD is not a Linux system! FreeBSD and Linux, but a considerable part of the user base is a coincidence, both the hardware environment to support more consistent, using the software is relatively similar, so it can be seen as a Linux version of FreeBSD to compare. FreeBSD has two branches: stable and current. As the name suggests, stable is stable, but current technology is to add a new test version. FreeBSD Ports package management system used, and Gentoo similar, based on source code distribution, the Editor must be after the local machine to run, but the Ports system is not the Portage system, easy to use, use slightly more complicated. FreeBSD is most characteristic of stable and efficient, as a server operating system, the best choice, but there is no hardware support for Linux is complete, it is not suitable as a desktop system.
Below to choose a Linux distribution for the anxious friends some suggestions:If you just need a desktop system, but do not want to use pirated, do not want to spend a lot of money to buy commercial software, then you need to use a Linux distribution for desktop version, if you do not want their own custom anything, do not want the system to waste too much time, so very simple, you according to their interests in ubuntu, kubuntu and xubuntu select a bar, the only difference is the three different desktop applications.If you need a desktop system, but want to be very flexible to customize their Linux system, want to own the machine run more joy, do not mind installing a Linux system to waste a little time, then your only choice is Gentoo, enjoy Gentoo has brought pleasure to enjoy the freedom of it!If you need a server system, and you have been very tired all the Linux configuration, just want a stable server system only, then your best option is to CentOS, and the installation is complete, through a simple configuration can provide a very stable service.If you need a very stable rock solid server system, then your only choice is FreeBSD.If you need a stable server system, and want to explore in depth look at various aspects of Linux knowledge, like many of their own custom content, then I recommend that you use Gentoo. Author: NetFlow Date: 2007-11-22 latter: After reading this article, my confusion has basically been solved, in fact, three of today's popular version of Linux, representing the three camps.
Here I am talking about are the server space, because the desktop version does not make sense, the desktop or the Windows world, with Linux as a desktop in addition to fresh, do not have any advantage.
Official website: http://www.centos.org/
CentOS is Redhat's kernel, the feeling is that will mature and stable, compared to the old Redhat, he was more than a yum command, learning, like Debian Install the software automatically; but I can feel the CentOS Yum's stuff compared to Debian or Ubuntu, it is too little; CentOS walk between the young and mature, it is more focused than the Ubuntu security, you see his CentOS5.0 default one installed on the built and open the firewall to know; and has called the SELinux stuff on the inside, so that different programs have limited access between, this is some software I installed CentOS is often baffling to me, "do not have permission" for a reason. Later, a night out because of some software, do not engage in successful, such as VSftp + PAM_MYSQL certification, angrily out of his cell.
Official website: http://www.ubuntu.org.cn/
Ubuntu is a continuation version of Debian, apt-get installed automatically, updating the software the way, is the first Debian (should be him!) In comparison, he's apt-get source software libraries and a lot stronger, but also a lot more, our server in addition to a magickWand (imageMagick the PHP API), other things are all apt-get down, the installation does not require one minute; feel Ubuntu is more free, compact, flexible, young people feel a little bit.
Use of experience: the new version of Ubunt7.10 (our current version), compared to 6.10, more than a very useful feature is that you choose your area when, for example, I chose China, after you install it on your source automatically become a source of China! this very cool, do not have to look around instead of other sources. Another source must pay attention, do not make change, we have changed because of chaos, resulting in a software version of all the mess, angrily yesterday I went to reinstall it again, this recovery.
Also: if you apt-get fails, the error message is E: Broken Package, how to deal with? I am looking for a long time in google did not find the answer, and later their practice, and found that the source of the problem is, he can not find the source of some Depends on the relationship of the package, the installation is unsuccessful the. This time can try for other sources, but attention must maintain the original backup! I think the official source has been fairly complete, generally do not easily get rid of last resort. Note that after changing the source to apt-get update it.
Another experience is, CD-Rom in place of the system installation discs, but also a very good source Oh! Do a lot of software online to download, directly within the disc is very new version, is also a good choice.
Official website: http://www.gentoo.org/
Gentoo it was estimated to be the best performance, because he installed over trouble; said that his philosophy is to let you know Linux, how everything is out! All customized by you to decide.
Official website: http://www.freebsdchina.org/
FreeBSD is another kernel, not Linux, and we had Baibuti server is to use the FreeBSD, and is said to be the most powerful performance. But the kernel is not the same, this time we did not dare try.
artical from : karen millen
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